Some - any und Modal verbs: Unterschied zwischen den Seiten

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Wenn wir bei Mengenangaben keine genaue Anzahl oder Menge (z.B. bei [[Englisch/Grammatik/nouns#uncountable nouns|uncountable nouns]])  sagen können oder wollen, können wir im Englischen  '''''some''''' und '''''any''''' verwenden.
'''Modalverben''' (engl. '''''modal auxiliaries''''') sind Hilfsverben, die zum Ausdruck einer Modalität – d. h. im Wesentlichen: Begriffen von Notwendigkeit oder Möglichkeit – dienen.


== Beispiele ==
<span style="font-size:1.2em;background:lightyellow;">Can</span> I go to the toilet?
'''''Any''''' und seine Zusammensetzungen ''anybody, anywhere, anything, etc.'' werden bei Verneinungen und Fragen eingesetzt. '''''Some''''' bei normalen Aussagesätzen.
=== positive Sätze ===
''There are '''five''' children in the playground.''  (Die Anzahl ist wichtig.)


''There are '''some''' children in the playground.''  (Es wird betont, dass jemand da ist.)
You <span style="font-size:1.2em;background:lightyellow;">may</span>,  


''I've got some money.''
- if you <span style="font-size:1.2em;background:lightyellow;">can</span>.  


''Let's have some ice-cream.''


=== negative Sätze + Fragen ===
Perhaps he is coming with us.


''I haven't got any money.''
He <span style="font-size:1.2em;background:lightyellow;">might</span> come with us.  


{{Achtung|Im Deutschen reicht ein '''Kein''' - im Englischen wird neben '''''any''''' immer noch '''''not''''' benötigt.}}


''Is there any butter left?''
I <span style="font-size:1.2em;background:lightyellow;">must</span> remember to say thank you!


→ ''Yes, there is some.''
I <span style="font-size:1.2em;background:lightyellow;">mustn't</span> forget to say thank you.


→ ''No, there isn't any.''
Diese Hilfsverben bleiben immer in ihrer Form, können allerdings auch nicht in den verschiedenen Zeiten verwendet werden. Dafür gibt es Ersatzformen.


''Have you got any brothers and sisters?''
== Ersatzformen ==
=== can - be able to ===
Anstelle von can kann man auch die Ersatzform <span style="font-size:1.2em;background:lightyellow;">be able to</span> verwenden, wenn man die Fähigkeit ('''''ability''''') betonen möchte.


=== Ausnahmen ===
Anwendungsfälle
==== positive Sätze mit any ====
* nach einem anderen Modalverb:
Wenn das Ergebnis egal ist, wird auch in positiven Sätzen any verwendet.


''You can come and ask for my help any time.''
''He <span style="font-size:1.2em;background:lightyellow;">won’t be able to run</span> every day.''


''Which book shall I read? - Any one. It's up to you.''
''She <s style="font-size:1.2em;background:lightyellow; color:red;">won’t can</s> run.''


''You can sit anywhere but here. This is my seat!''
''He <span style="font-size:1.2em;background:lightyellow;">should be able to finish</span> the marathon.


==== Fragen mit some ====
Bei Fragen die eine positive Anwort erwarten, wie z.B. Angebote, wird '''''some''''' verwendet:


''Do you want some tea?''
*  in anderen Zeiten
''He <span style="font-size:1.2em;background:lightyellow;">was able to finish</span> the marathon in a personal best.


== Interaktive Übungen ==
=== eays for beginners ===
Complete these sentences with "some" or "any" and their compounds.
<div class="lueckentext-quiz" lang="en">
Do you have ''any'' brothers or sisters?


If you’re hungry there are ''some'' snacks in the fridge.
* förmlicher
''I am very sorry but I <span style="font-size:1.2em;background:lightyellow;">am not able to help</span> you in the test.
 
=== can - be allowed to ===
Das Hilfsverb can kann aber auch eine Erlaubnis ('''''permission''''') ausdrücken. Hierfür wird die Ersatzform <span style="font-size:1.2em;background:lightyellow;">be allowed to</span> verwendet.


Would you like ''some'' cheese?
'' We <span style="font-size:1.2em;background:lightyellow;">were allowed to stay</span> up late.''


Are you going shopping? - No, I don’t need ''any'' food today.


Sorry, you can’t have a milkshake. There isn’t ''any'' more milk.
'' We <span style="font-size:1.2em;background:lightyellow;">won't be allowed to do</span> it again.''


You need to buy ''some'' new milk. There isn't ''any'' left.
{{Achtung|Bei einem ausdrücklichen Verbot würde man mustn't verwenden:}}
</div>
'' We <span style="font-size:1.2em;background:lightyellow;">mustn't do</span> it again.''


=== advanced ===
=== must - mustn't - needn't ===
Complete these sentences with "some" or "any" and their compounds.
Das Hifsverb '''must''' drückt einen Zwang aus - seine Verneinung '''mustn't''' ein Verbot. Das deutsche „nicht müssen“ wird mit '''needn't''' übersetzt.
<div class="lueckentext-quiz" lang="en">
Would you like ''something'' to eat?


There's ''someone'' at the door. Can you see who it is?
''You <span style="font-size:1.2em;background:lightyellow;">must keep</span> it a secret.''


Has ''anybody'' seen Rebecca this morning?
(it is necessary that you do it)


I said hello but he didn't say ''anything'' to me.


She hasn't got ''any'' brothers or sisters.
''You <span style="font-size:1.2em;background:lightyellow;">mustn’t tell</span> anybody.''


I still haven't read ''any'' of the books you gave me.
(it is necessary that you don´t do it)


Did ''anyone'' see you leave school early?


I like ''some'' rock music, but not all.
''You <span style="font-size:1.2em;background:lightyellow;">needn’t visit</span> me in the hospital.''


Did you take ''any'' photos at the party?
(it is not necessary that you do it)


I'd like ''some'' information about trains to London, please.


I had a late breakfast so I'm not going to have ''anything'' for lunch.
=== must - have to ===
Das Hilfsverb '''must''' bleibt unverändert. Um andere Zeiten auszudrücken, muss die Ersatzform '''have to''' verwendet werden.


We spent the night at the station because we didn't have''anywhere'' to sleep.
''He <span style="font-size:1.2em;background:lightyellow;">must keep</span> it a secret.''
</div>


=== Everybody, Somebody, Anybody, And Nobody ===
''He <span style="font-size:1.2em;background:lightyellow;">had to be quiet</span> untill the bell rang.''
Move the words into the gaps:


<div class="lueckentext-quiz" lang="en">
''In the next test you <span style="font-size:1.2em;background:lightyellow;">will have to work</span> more!''
This is a little story about four people named Everybody, Somebody, Anybody, and Nobody.


There was an important job to be done and '' Everybody '' was sure that  '' Somebody '' would do it.
''<span style="font-size:1.2em;background:lightyellow;">Do</span> we <span style="font-size:1.2em;background:lightyellow;">have to wait</span> inside?''


'' Anybody '' could have done it, but  '' Nobody '' did it.
== Interaktive Übungen ==
=== be able to ===
Move the words into the gaps.


Somebody got angry about that because it was  '' Everybody '' 's job.
<div class="lueckentext-quiz" lang="en">
Tom's alarm didn't ring but he ''was able to'' get to the bus stop in time. His friend Tim was already waiting for him.  


Everybody thought that  '' Anybody ''could do it, but  '' Nobody '' realized that  '' Everybody '' wouldn't do it.
When they got on the bus they ''were able to'' get a seat.


It ended up that '' Everybody '' blamed  '' Somebody '' when  '' Nobody '' did what  '' Anybody '' could have done.  
Tim told him that he had saved his money. "Next week I ''will be able'' to buy the new album."
</div>
</div>


<popup name="Lösung">
Put in the correct forms of '''be able to '''.  
This is a little story about four people named Everybody, Somebody, Anybody, and Nobody.


There was an important job to be done and '' Everybody '' was sure that  '' Somebody '' would do it.
<div class="lueckentext-quiz" lang="en">
One morning I got up but I ''wasn't able to move (not, move)'' my arm. So I called the doctor's office.


'' Anybody '' could have done it, but  '' Nobody '' did it.
Luckily I ''was able to get (get) an appointment for the next day.


Somebody got angry about that because it was  '' Everybody '' 's job.
The doctor ''wasn't able to find (not, find)'' anything.  


Everybody thought that  '' Anybody ''could do it, but  '' Nobody '' realized that  '' Everybody '' wouldn't do it.
"Next week you ''will be able to write (write)'' the test.
</div>


It ended up that ''  Everybody '' blamed  '' Somebody '' when  '' Nobody '' did what  '' Anybody '' could have done.
</popup>


== Linkliste ==
=== be allowed to ===
{{Achtung|Die nachfolgend aufgelisteten Websites enthalten sinnvolle Übungen zum Lernen und Wiederholen.
Put in the correct forms of '''to be allowed to'''.


Vor einem Einsatz im Unterricht sollte man aber für sich klären, ob die eingeblendete Werbung für die jeweilige Lerngruppe akzeptabel und erträglich ist.}}
<div class="lueckentext-quiz" lang="en">
Last week the pupils of class 8c ''were allowed to'' go to Mc Donald's. Some ordered a big box of chicken. Others just wanted to use the bathroom but they ''weren't allowed to''.
 
"If you buy something, I' ll give you the code. I '' 'm not allowed to'' let non-customers in."
</div>


* ego4u: [https://www.ego4u.de/de/cram-up/vocabulary/some-any Some & Any]
* [[Englisch/Grammatik/Modal_verbs/mixed|Mixed Exercises]]


[[Kategorie:Englisch]]
[[Kategorie:Englisch]]

Version vom 25. März 2018, 13:36 Uhr

Modalverben (engl. modal auxiliaries) sind Hilfsverben, die zum Ausdruck einer Modalität – d. h. im Wesentlichen: Begriffen von Notwendigkeit oder Möglichkeit – dienen.

Can I go to the toilet?

You may,

- if you can.


Perhaps he is coming with us.

He might come with us.


I must remember to say thank you!

I mustn't forget to say thank you.

Diese Hilfsverben bleiben immer in ihrer Form, können allerdings auch nicht in den verschiedenen Zeiten verwendet werden. Dafür gibt es Ersatzformen.

Ersatzformen

can - be able to

Anstelle von can kann man auch die Ersatzform be able to verwenden, wenn man die Fähigkeit (ability) betonen möchte.

Anwendungsfälle

  • nach einem anderen Modalverb:

He won’t be able to run every day.

She won’t can run.

He should be able to finish the marathon.


  • in anderen Zeiten

He was able to finish the marathon in a personal best.


  • förmlicher

I am very sorry but I am not able to help you in the test.

can - be allowed to

Das Hilfsverb can kann aber auch eine Erlaubnis (permission) ausdrücken. Hierfür wird die Ersatzform be allowed to verwendet.

We were allowed to stay up late.


We won't be allowed to do it again.


Achtung
Bei einem ausdrücklichen Verbot würde man mustn't verwenden:


We mustn't do it again.

must - mustn't - needn't

Das Hifsverb must drückt einen Zwang aus - seine Verneinung mustn't ein Verbot. Das deutsche „nicht müssen“ wird mit needn't übersetzt.

You must keep it a secret.

(it is necessary that you do it)


You mustn’t tell anybody.

(it is necessary that you don´t do it)


You needn’t visit me in the hospital.

(it is not necessary that you do it)


must - have to

Das Hilfsverb must bleibt unverändert. Um andere Zeiten auszudrücken, muss die Ersatzform have to verwendet werden.

He must keep it a secret.

He had to be quiet untill the bell rang.

In the next test you will have to work more!

Do we have to wait inside?

Interaktive Übungen

be able to

Move the words into the gaps.

Tom's alarm didn't ring but he was able to get to the bus stop in time. His friend Tim was already waiting for him.

When they got on the bus they were able to get a seat.

Tim told him that he had saved his money. "Next week I will be able to buy the new album."

Put in the correct forms of be able to .

One morning I got up but I wasn't able to move (not, move) my arm. So I called the doctor's office.

Luckily I was able to get (get) an appointment for the next day.

The doctor wasn't able to find (not, find) anything.

"Next week you will be able to write (write) the test.


be allowed to

Put in the correct forms of to be allowed to.

Last week the pupils of class 8c were allowed to go to Mc Donald's. Some ordered a big box of chicken. Others just wanted to use the bathroom but they weren't allowed to.

"If you buy something, I' ll give you the code. I 'm not allowed to let non-customers in."

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