Bücher und Fahrenheit 451: Unterschied zwischen den Seiten

Aus ZUM-Unterrichten
(Unterschied zwischen Seiten)
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==Ray Bradbury (1920 - 2012)==
<!--Ist das traditionelle Medium '''Buch''' immer noch aktuell? Jährlich wird am 23. April der von der UNESCO ins Leben gerufene [https://www.welttag-des-buches.de/welttag-des-buches/ '''Welttag des Buches'''] begangen.-->
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_Bradbury Ray Bradbury - life and works] - From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
==Denkanstöße==
* [http://www.spaceagecity.com/bradbury/ Ray Bradbury] "This site provides information about one of America's greatest storytellers"
{{Box|Das Buch Google|
* [http://www.raybradbury.com/ www.raybradbury.com] - Books | About Ray Bradbury | Message Boards | Newsletter | At Home with Ray | In His Words
"... es gibt noch einen weiteren mächtigen Antrieb: Faulheit. Aus Bequemlichkeit geht man nicht mehr in die Bücherei oder zu einem Archivar, sondern an den Google-Suchschlitz. Die Informationen dort reichen oft nur bis in die siebziger oder achtziger Jahre zurück, die Geschichtsschreibung fängt also nicht im Jahr 5000 vor Christus an, sondern irgendwo im Jahr 1980, als jemand ein digitales Archiv angelegt hat. Google ist zum Inbegriff des Sofortwissens geworden. Digitale Wissensware ist komfortabel - von noch größerer Annehmlichkeit als Fischstäbchen, die man nur in den Herd zu schieben braucht.
[[Bild:Old book bindings.jpg|thumb|Alte Bücher]]
Nun ist der Witz von dem Mann, der nur ''ein'' Buch hat, Wirklichkeit geworden. Das Buch heißt Google, und es wird immer dicker. Seine Dienste bieten genug Komfort, dass ein Großteil der Netznutzer gar nicht erst nach Alternativen sucht - die durchaus vorhanden sind. Es gibt eine Menge Informationen, die einem keine Suchmaschine liefern wird.
:Peter Glaser: "Das Orakel unseres Universums - Google verändert die Welt", in Stuttgarter Zeitung 10. Juni 2006|Zitat}}
{{Box|Fragen zur Diskussion|
* Welche Informationen liefert einem keine Suchmaschine?
* Wann lohnt sich noch ein Gang in die Bücherei oder die Buchhandlung?
* Ändert die [[wikipedia:de:|Wikipedia]] etwas an der beschriebenen Problematik?
* Prüfen Sie die Aussagen ideologiekritisch. Welche Meinung vertritt der Autor?
|Unterrichtsidee}}


{{Box|Die gnädige Frau ist krank|
==Fahrenheit 451 (1953)==
»Hiervon, meine gnädigste Frau, bitte ich Sie, alle zwei Stunden einen halben Teelöffel voll nehmen zu wollen. Es wird Ihre Nerven beruhigen. Und worauf ich noch dringen möchte: keine geistigen Anstrengungen, keine Besuche, keine Lektüre.« Dabei wies er auf das neben ihr liegende Buch.
'''Synopsis and occasional summaries'''
:<small>Page numbers refer to the Cornelsen edtion 1989</small>
===Part One: THE HEARTH AND THE SALAMANDER===
5  Famous first sentence: "It was a pleasure to burn ..."


»Es ist Scott.«
6  Guy Montag, the main character, on his way home, meets a girl, his new neighbour, she`s 17 and a bit strange. She has such funny ideas about life. We learn about Montag, his strange profession and the world he lives in.


»Oh, dagegen ist nichts einzuwenden. Das beste sind Reisebeschreibungen. Ich spreche morgen wieder vor.«
12 M. enters his house, still puzzled by the girl, and finds his wife unconscious: she took an overdose of sleeping pills and M. has to call two men to reanimate her by applying machines - they do it in a business-like manner, they are used to these >suicides<.  
|Zitat}}
Quelle: [http://gutenberg.spiegel.de/?id=5&xid=677&kapitel=23#gb_found Theodor Fontane: Effi Briest, 23. Kapitel]
{{Box||
*Wer oder was ist mit "Scott" gemeint?
*Erläutere die Gefahren, die diesem Zitat nach von der Lektüre eines Buches ausgehen könnten.  
*Bewerte diese Aussage und berücksichtige dabei, welche Unterhaltungsmedien es Ende des 19. Jahrhunderts gab und welche es heute gibt.
*Vergleiche diese Warnung vor schädlichen Wirkungen des Buches mit Warnungen vor den Wirkungen anderer Medien. |Unterrichtsidee}}


==Geschichte==
19 Mildred doesn`t remember at all what had happened to her: she is addicted to her three-wall-TV (`the parlor`), from which people (`relatives`) talk to her and give her instructions etc.
*[http://www.ifla.org/IV/ifla61/61-gehh.htm ''Zur Geschichte des Buches in Deutschland (1450-1900) und zu ihrer Dokumentation''] - "Es ist wahrlich ein recht gewagtes Unterfangen, die so überaus reiche Geschichte des Buches in Deutschland in einem Referat zusammenzufassen. Dennoch will ich es versuchen, die Zeit von der Erfindung des Buchdrucks mit beweglichen Metallettern bis zum Jahre 1900 in groben Zügen nachzuzeichnen." (Dr Hans-Peter Geh, Württembergische Landesbibliothek, Stuttgart, Germany)
*[http://www.gutenberg.de Das Gutenberg-Museum Mainz] "ist ein weltweit bekanntes und renommiertes Spezialmuseum der Schrift und der Druckkunst. Gegründet wurde es von Mainzer Bürgern im Jahre 1900 anlässlich des 500. Geburtstag Johannes Gutenbergs." (www.gutenberg.de). Zu finden sind Informationen zu "Gutenberg und seine Zeit", die Gutenberg Bibel, die Erfindung Gutenbergs, Gutenberg im Medienzeitalter.
*[http://www.literaturhaus.at/buch/fachbuch/rez/manguel/ Alberto Manguel: Eine Geschichte des Lesens, 1998] - Ausführliche Besprechung durch E. Polt-Heinzl


==Kritiker==
22 another meeting with the mad girl Clarissa McLellan: she is a complete outsider in this society, regularly visiting a psychologist. Montag is puzzled: Who is this `uncle` of hers? How do they live? How do they spend their evenings?
===Platon/Sokrates===
{{Box|Sokrates spricht|
Kein ernster Mensch wird sich je entschließen, über ernste Dinge zu schreiben und so seine Gedanken der Mißgunst und der Verständnislosigkeit preiszugeben.


(Platon, Briefe VII, 344C)
25 Back at work M. is worried by the behaviour of the >mechanical hound<, a dog-like machine which can be programmed on the >amino acids< of every living being. The machine is acting hostile and M. wonders if anyone had done anything to its programme.
:Der nachfolgende Textausschnitt ist dem Dialog “Phaidros” (übersetzt von O. Apelt) entnommen. '''Sokrates''' erzählt die Geschichte von der Erfindung der Schrift durch den ägyptischen Gott Theut. Sokrates erläutert seinem Gesprächspartner Phaidros die Problematik dieser Erfindung:


... diese Erfindung wird die Lernenden in ihrer Seele vergeßlich machen, weil sie dann das Gedächtnis nicht mehr üben; denn im Vertrauen auf die Schrift suchen sie sich durch fremde Zeichen außerhalb und nicht durch eigene Kraft im Innern zu erinnern. Also nicht ein Heilmittel fur das Gedachtnis, sondern eines für das Wiedererinnern hast du erfunden. Deinen Schülern verleihst du aber nur den Schein der Weisheit, nicht die Wahrheit selbst. Sie bekommen nun vieles zu hören ohne eigentliche Belehrung und meinen nun, vielwissend geworden zu sein,  während sie doch meistens unwissend sind und zudem schwierig zu behandeln, weil sie sich für weise halten, statt weise zu sein.
29 He meets the girl again and the irritation continues


(Platon: Phaidros 274-76)
32 The girl doesn't show up again and M. is worried. He misses her and his "routine has been disturbed"(33)
|Zitat}}
*Mehr dazu siehe [http://www.capurro.de/ethikskript/kap8.htm#Platon INFORMATIONSETHIK - Eine Einführung] Online-Version des Buches von Rafael Capurro
*Ebenso: [http://www.linse.uni-essen.de/linse/esel/arbeiten/medienkritik.html ''Medienkritik bei Platon und Medienkritik heute''] von Janßen, Barbara (1995), Essener Studienenzyklopädie Linguistik
*Zum Lesen: Jack Goody u.a., Entstehung und Folgen der Schriftkultur, suhrkamp taschenbuch wissenschaft 600 Frankfurt 2003, S.10ff


===Ray Bradbury===
<pre>
In Ray Bradburys Zukunftsroman ‘’Fahrenheit 451’’ (1953) erklärt Beatty, der Chef der Feuerwehr-Brigade, seinem zweifelnden Mitarbeiter Montag, warum die Feuerwehr Bücher verbrennen muss:
{{Box||"Yes, but what about the firemen, then?" asked Montag.


“What more easily explained and natural? With school turning out more runners, jumpers, racers and swimmers instead of examiners, critics, knowers and imaginative creators, the word >intellectual<, of course, became the swear word it deserved to be. You always dread the unfamiliar. Surely you remember the boy in your own school class who was exceptionally >bright<, did most of the reciting and answering. And wasn`t it this bright boy you selected for beatings and tortures after hours? Of course it was. We must all be alike. Not everyone born free and equal, as the Constitution says, but everyone made equal. Each man the image of every other; then all are happy, for there are no mountains to make them cower, to judge themselves against. ''So! A book is a loaded gun in the house next door. Burn it.''"
    THE SETTING:                                                       
:R. Bradbury, Fahrenheit 451, Cornelsen 1989, S. 58|Zitat}}
    ------------                                                       
  WHEN? In the 23rd century                                           
  WHERE? In a future society                                           
  WHO? Montag - a fireman (30) whose job it is to burn books           
      Beatty - the captain of the fire brigade and Montag's boss                         
      Clarissa Mclellan - an excentric young girl (romantic & unsocial)
      Mildred - Montag`s wife: addicted to three-dimensional TV         
                having just tried to commit suicide                     
      The Mechanical Hound - a dog-shaped killing machine able to trace 
                            its victims by sensing their biogenetic code   
  ATMOSPHERE?
                                                       
</pre>


==Das Medium Buch==
36 Alarm at the firehouse and the brigade is in action: In some of these old houses books are suspected and they are off to burn them: But something`s different today - the owner of the house, an old lady is still there, she has not been transported by the police in order to be out of the way when the firemen come. Her presence confuses the firemen: She is not willing to leave the place and eventually sets fire to the house, the books and herself. The firemen are irritated, most of all M.
===BOOK===
{{Box|Announcing the new device|
'''Built-in Orderly Organized Knowledge (BOOK)'''
:The BOOK is a revolutionary breakthrough in technology: No wires, no electric circuits, no batteries, nothing to be connected or switched on. It's so easy to use even a child can operate it. Just lift its cover!
:Compact and portable, it can be used anywhere - even sitting in an armchair by the fire-yet it is powerful enough to hold as much information as a CD-ROM disc. Here's how it works:
:Each BOOK is constructed of sequentially numbered sheets of paper (recyclable), each capable of holding thousands of bits of information. These pages are locked together with a custom-fit device called a binder which keeps the sheets in their correct sequence.  ''Opaque Paper Technology'' (OPT) allows manufacturers to use both sides of the sheet, doubling the information density and cutting costs in half.
:Experts are divided on the prospects for further increases in information density; for now BOOKs with more information simply use more pages. This makes them thicker and harder to carry, and has drawn some criticism from the mobile computing crowd.
:Each sheet is scanned optically, registering information directly into your brain. A flick of the finger takes you to the next sheet. The BOOK may be taken up at any time and used by merely opening it. The BOOK never crashes and never needs rebooting, though like other display devices it can become unusable if dropped overboard. The "browse" feature allows you to move instantly to any sheet, and move forward or backward as you wish.
:Many come with an "index" feature, which pinpoints the exact location of any selected information for instant retrieval. An optional "BOOKmark" accessory allows you to open the BOOK to the exact place you left it in a previous session - even if the BOOK has been closed. BOOKmarks fit universal design standards; thus, a single BOOKmark can be used in BOOKs by various manufacturers. Conversely, numerous bookmarkers can be used in a single BOOK if the user wants to store numerous views at once. The number is limited only by the number of pages in the BOOK.
:You can also make personal notes next to BOOK text entries with an optional programming tool, the ''Portable Erasable Nib Cryptic Intercommunication Language Stylus'' (PENCILS).
:Portable, durable, and affordable, the BOOK is being hailed as the entertainment wave of the future. The BOOK's appeal seems so certain that thousands of content creators have committed to the platform. Look for a flood of new titles soon.
:Anm.: Dieser Text kursierte im vergangenen Jahrhundert als 'forwarded message' im Internet.|Zitat}}
{{Box||
Dies ist ein reizvoller Text für anspruchsvolle Übersetzungs- und Stilübungen. Die Botschaft ist witzig, das Englisch anspruchsvoll und auf der Höhe des digitalen Zeitalters. Jetzt ist eine deutsche Übersetzung gefordert, die ohne allzu viel Denglish und anglophonen Technotalk auskommt. Eine echte Herausforderung!
|Unterrichtsidee}}


=== Vor- und Nachteile des Mediums Buch ===
41 He comes home - a book hidden under his overall. He contemplates his relationship towards his wife, their unability to communicate, Mildred`s empty life etc. He`s married to a stranger.
{{Box|Zur Diskussion gestellt|
[[Datei:Buecher.jpg|rechts|250px]]
* Wägen Sie kritisch die Vor- und Nachteile eines Mediums ''BUCH'' ab.
* Schlagen Sie das "perfekte Medium zum Lagern von Wissen" vor und überlegen Sie sich, warum es nicht eingesetzt wird.
* Denkbare Kriterien und Stichwörter zur Diskussion:
** Haltbarkeit und Robustheit (Hält das Medium 1000 Jahre?)
** Reproduzierbarkeit (Kopierer vs. Copy-Paste)
** Abrufbarkeit, Zugänglichkeit (Bücherei oder Client-Server-Dienst)
** Lagerung (Regal, Serverraum)
** Bearbeitbarkeit (Bleistiftnotizen, Hevorhebungen, Skizzen...)
** Änderbarkeit (Fehlerteufel bei der Erstausgabe)
** Vielseitigkeit (ein Buch auch als Unterlage für den Monitor)
** Ökonomischer Nutzen (ein zu leicht zu reproduzierendes Medium hat kaum noch ökonomischen Nutzen)
** Ökologischer Schaden (Zellstoff vs. Energieverbrauch)
** Schönheit und Wirkung (Das Bücherregal bzw. -zimmer)


* Erarbeiten Sie Ideen für das "perfekte Schulbuch". (Senden Sie Ihre in der Klasse erarbeiteten Ideen an einen Schulbuchverlag mit der Frage, warum dies nicht umgesetzt wird.)
48 Chills and fever in the morning, he doesn`t go to work. His wife doesn`t understand the horror of yesterday`s experience, the burning woman, the fascination of books
* Diskutieren Sie die Frage, ob das Buch der Zukunft nur noch eine Seite haben wird und wie sich damit das Leseverhalten ändern kann. Recherchieren Sie im Internet zum Entwicklungsstand des E-Papers.
|Unterrichtsidee}}


=== Ein neues Medium ===
52 Captain Beatty is visiting him: He has an understanding for the crisis his man is in and he gives him a `lecture` on the history and the importance of the firemen. It is also a history of mankind`s intellectual decay - people want to gain their peace of mind and don`t want to be troubled and bothered with the manifold and conflicting opinions of all those who believe they know better. All these minorities, all these quarrels, all these uncertainties - they cause unrest and hostilities, but people want to be entertained and not worried. Thus, burn the books! But Montag has a book hidden under his pillow and while Beatty is talking, his wife finds it - stunned with surprise and horror. When Beatty is gone, Montag reveals his secret: He has gathered about 20 books and is now going to read them to found out about that. The first sentence that reads is from Swift`s Guliver.
"Das Buch. Hightec in Sachen Schriftspeicherung. Nur leider sind mache Ding nur sehr schwer zu bedienen aber man kann sich alles erklären lassen." ([http://www.youtube.com/user/nostarix nostarix], 26.01.2008)


{{#ev:youtube|5PgAEmvtG9U}}
<pre>
'''SHORT CULTURAL HISTORY OF MANKIND - according to Captain Beatty


=== It's a book / Das ist ein Buch ===
19th century: culture (=books) for only few people who could
{| class="wikitable"
              afford to be different
|
              "the world was roomy", everything was "slow motion"
{{#ev:youtube|x4BK_2VULCU}}


|
20th century: "Things (= TV, radio, movies) began to have mass"
{{#ev:youtube|nYl_nyuyn5Y}}
              "The world got full of eyes and elbows and mouths"
              "Speed up the cameras"


|}
21th century:
      etc      1. books cut shorter, classics reduced to the
                  punch line
              2. school is shortened (no philosophy, no histories
                  no languages)
              3. skills (=pressing a button) instead of knowledge
                  Knowhow instead of know why
              4. entertainment instead of information (sports etc)
              5. uniformity instead of diversity (people dislike
                  everything unfamiliar or intellectual)
              6. Keep the minorities down


;Linkliste
;''Die Bücher''
* Lan Smith, It's a book. ISBN 1596436069
* Lan Smith, Das ist ein Buch. ISBN 3836302764
;''Kommentare''
* [http://www.der-englisch-blog.de/2011/01/21/its-a-book/ It’s a book (oder was heißt WLAN auf Englisch)] (der-englisch-blog.de, 21.01.2011)
* [http://www.literaturcafe.de/lane-smith-das-ist-ein-buch-aber-das-video-ist-besser/ Lane Smith: Das ist ein Buch! Aber das Video ist besser!] (literaturcafe.de, 17.01.2011)


==Zukünftige Entwicklungen des Buches==
                  Therefore: BURN THE BOOKS!  HAIL TO THE FIREMAN -
===E-Papier===
                        "the custodian of our peace of mind"(p58)
[[Bild:E-Paper.jpg|thumb|E-Papier Beispiel: Die Wikipedia-Startseite]]
</pre>
* Ein Buch ist zunächst einmal unabhängig vom Medium. Wie beim Telefon die Wählscheibe verschwunden ist könnte beim Buch das Blättern verschwinden. Erste Ansätze bietet das {{wpde|Elektronisches Papier|Elektronische Papier|10.10.06}}:
{{Zitat wpde|Elektronisches Papier, kurz E-Papier (englisch e-paper) genannt, ist eine papierähnliche Grundlage mit einer Beschichtung (Tinte). Das 'Papier' besteht aus elektrisch leitendem Kunststoff, das kleine Kügelchen enthält, in denen Farbstoffpartikel auf elektrische Spannung reagieren. Dadurch kann die Darstellung auf dem E-Papier verändert werden.|Elektronisches Papier|10.10.06}}


===E-Book: Pro und Contra===
===Part Two: THE SIEVE AND THE SAND===
Eine interessante Stellungnahme zu dieser Frage findet man in dem Buch des US-amerikanischen Informatikers '''Jaron Lanier''', Träger des Deutschen Friedenspreises 2014: [http://www.zum.de/buch/index.php?controller=front&action=view&id=962 ''Wem gehört die Zukunft. Du bist nicht der Kunde der Internetkonzerne, Du bist ihr Produkt.'']
{{Box|Kein Käufer erster Klasse|
Wenn wir Werte über ein Netzwerk bezahlen, beschreiten wir leider … einen wenig zukunftsträchtigen Weg. Nehmen wir eBooks: Der Erwerb eines eBooks ist für den Käufer etwas anderes als der Kauf eines „richtigen“ Buches aus Papier. Der Käufer eines eBooks gilt auf dem Markt nicht mehr als Bürger erster Klasse.


Wenn Sie ein gedrucktes Buch aus Papier kaufen, können Sie es nach Belieben wieder verkaufen oder weiter Ihre Freude daran haben [...]. Vielleicht wird es ja zum Sammlerstück und steigt im Wert, womöglich können Sie es irgendwann mit Gewinn weiterveräußern. Der Kauf eines altmodischen Buches eröffnet immer auch die Gelegenheit, Geld damit zu verdienen, indem man seine Herkunft hervorhebt. Vielleicht signiert der Autor es für Sie persönlich, verleiht ihm damit eine größere Bedeutung für Sie und steigert den Wert.
68  Montag starts reading like in a fever, but outside the house he senses the sniff of an electric dog. Here are the books, but where to find a teacher? Montag remembers an old man he met a year ago, a former English professor who was memorizing poetry, his name was FABER.  


Bei einem eBook sind Sie dagegen kein Käufer erster Klasse mehr. Stattdessen haben Sie bei einem Unternehmen eingeschränkte Rechte am Buch gekauft. Sie können es nicht weiterverkaufen und können auch sonst nichts tun, um das Buch zu einer Investition zu machen. Ihr Entscheidungsspielraum ist eingeschränkt. Wenn Sie ein anderes Lesegerät verwenden oder über eine andere Cloud die Verbindung herstellen wollen, verlieren Sie in den meisten Fällen sogar den Zugang zum Buch, obwohl Sie es „gekauft“ haben. Doch das war kein richtiger Kauf, sondern ein Vertrag, den Sie abgeschlossen haben, auch wenn weder Sie noch sonst jemand diese Verträge richtig liest."
78  This is Faber`s message: Books aren`t the most important things in life but they contain three things which can enhance life:
:Jaron Lanier: Wem gehört die Zukunft? Hoffmann und Campe, 2014, S. 319
:1. Quality: Books show the pores in the face of life, not the poreless wax faces.  
|Zitat}}
:2. Leisure: you can shut a book and contemplate its contents, you can criticize and object to it.
{{Box|Überlege|
:3. Action: the right to act according to what you have gained.
Jaron Lanier behauptet in seinem Buch mehrfach: ''Auf die Herkunft kommt es an!'' Mit anderen Worten: Der ''Wert'' und die ''Herkunft'' einer Sache oder eines Angebotes oder einer Idee hängen zusammen?
# Worauf ist dieser Satz anwendbar?
# Warum könnte er besonders auf das Internet zutreffen?
|Unterrichtsidee}}


===Google Buchsuche===
Montag has an `insidious` plan: plant books in the firehouses and have them burnt one by one. But to Faber that would just be `nibbling the edges`. He recommends patience, the system will destroy itself, it will be a victim of his wars. Faber has deviced a little instrument which to put into one`s ear: Thus you can monitor and communicate at the same time, with Faber being the head quarter (The Queen Bee and the drones). This will help M. when he has to face the Captain.
* [http://books.google.com/books?hl=de Google Buchsuche (http://books.google.com)]: "Durchsuchen Sie vollständige Buchtexte, um für Sie interessante Werke zu finden und Informationen darüber zu erhalten, wo diese gekauft bzw. ausgeliehen werden können." - Tipp: Unter erweiterte Suche lässt sich einstellen, dass man nur "vollständige Werke" angezeigt bekommt. Ansonsten werden auch Bücher gezeigt, bei denen nur Probekapitel lesbar sind.


Beispiele für vollständig abgebildete Werke bei Google
89 The war is getting ready that night - propaganda everywhere - while M. is on his way home. Faber is reading the ''Book of Job'' (Bible).
* [http://books.google.com/books?vid=ISBN0968910807&id=FLabRYnGrOcC&printsec=toc&dq=Roy+A.+Allan&hl=de A History of the Personal Computer - The People and the Technology - Von Roy A. Allan]
* [http://books.google.com/books?vid=0z7oR8gyV07J9CJkjZ&id=zKcO-qN0Mf0C&pg=PR1&dq=goethe&as_brr=1&hl=de Goethes Werke], Veröffentlichungsdatum: 1827


===Bücher zum Mitmachen===
91 Eating supper at home M. switches the parlor off and initiates a conversation with Mildred's friends: About the war ("always someone else`s husband dies"), about having or not having any children, about the last election - it infuriates M. so much that he frightens them out of their wits by showing a book of poetry. But that was a stupid thing to do (Faber!), so he has to turn it into a joke (once a year a fireman is allowed to ...) and starts reciting >Dover Beach< (by William Wordsworth) which moves one of the ladies to tears. Nevertheless - he has made a fool of himself.
* [http://de.wikibooks.org/wiki/Hauptseite Wikibooks] - dort: "Wikibooks ist eine mehrsprachige Bibliothek mit Lehrbüchern und anderen Lern- und Lehrmaterialien, deren Inhalte frei nutzbar sind und es für immer bleiben werden. Bei Wikibooks kann sich jeder konstruktiv beteiligen und sein Wissen einbringen."


100 On his way to the Captain M. and F. talk things over.


102 He hands the book over to Beatty and is welcomed back ("the sheep returns to the fold")- but B. is trying to provoke and confuse M. while Faber is working hard to keep Montag from reacting - eventually the alarm bell rings, they drive off until they stop in front of Montag`s house.




[[Kategorie:Deutsch]][[Kategorie:Englisch]]
===Part Three: BURNING BRIGHT===
[[Kategorie:Lesen]]
 
108 Montag sees his wife leaving the house in haste carrying her belongings in suitcase. She doesn`t respond to him. Beatty`s dark sarcasm is spilling over and M. hears Faber`s voice in his ear. M. is given the flame-thrower to do the job himself, and he destroys his house - the parlor - with some satisfaction.
 
112 But then he loses his earphone and Beatty opicks it up. Montag seems lost now, but he`s acting quickly: With the flame-thrower he burns the captain to char-coal and the Mechanical Hound, too. But his leg is stung by the dog. He stumbles along the alley.
 
116 He limps back to the burned ruins to rescue a few books and on again with this aching leg. He suddenly realizes that Beatty must have wanted to die. In his pocket he finds the seashell-radio and hears the police warnings. He is heading towards Faber`s house, two dozens of helicopters swarming like butterflies in the air.
 
119 "War has been declared..."
 
123 He plants his books in the house of his colleague-fireman Black and informs the fire brigade
 
124 He arrives at Faber`s house: Faber advises him to look for one of the still existing hobo camps beyond the rusting railway tracks. On TV they watch the hunt which is broadcast in full length. A new Mechanical Hound is sent on M.s trails. Wouldn`t he make a good TV appearance?
 
130 They say good-bye and he`s on the run again. It`s a race against the Hound, the TV and the million of watchers who are told now to  watch out for him. But he reaches the river, changes his clothes  for Faber`s and starts swimming. He floats upon the river into another world, meditating the new experience. He steps into the vast darkness, sensing a pair of eyes which disappear again - the Hound?
 
139 He walks on until he sees the fire ahead with five old men sitting by and talking - they welcome him and know his name. They watch the chase on a portable TV, it is still on, and they see an innocent person caught and killed - the show is perfect, suspense, long shot, the camera falling on the victim, shouting, snap-ending, blackout - silence. The old men are "old Harvard degrees" who all represent the book they know by heart - the classics of world literature. They too are living without books, they are the books. They are parts of a loose organisation - a quiet conspiracy - waiting for the end of  the war and for the times their knowledge will be needed again.
 
151  Next morning the war starts and is over in a few seconds. The city is destroyed by bombers. They lie on the ground, covered with dust and earth - and after a while they recover and start their daily routine of making fire and getting food ready. The symbol of the Phoenix is conjured up - and as they walk towards the destroyed city, Montag remembers the Book of Revelation.
 
==For further reading==
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fahrenheit_451_%281966_film%29 In 1966 ''Fahrenheit 451'' - the film] - was released: written and directed by François Truffaut and starring Oskar Werner and Julie Christie.
 
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fahrenheit_9/11 Michael Moore's Fahrenheit 9/11]
:"a controversial, award-winning documentary film by American filmmaker Michael Moore that presents a critical look at the presidency of George W. Bush, the "War on Terrorism", and its coverage in the American news media. The film holds the record for highest box office receipts by a general release documentary." (quoted from en.wikipedia.org)
:It was reported that Bradbury was extremely upset with filmmaker Michael Moore for using this title.
* [http://deutschstunden.de/Links/127 Fahrenheit 451: Linksammlung zu Online-Materialien]
 
== See also ==
* [[Utopia - Dystopia - Science Fiction]] im Englischunterricht
* [[Dave Eggers: Der Circle|Der Circle]]
 
[[Kategorie:Literatur (Englisch)]]

Version vom 2. September 2019, 11:40 Uhr

Ray Bradbury (1920 - 2012)

Fahrenheit 451 (1953)

Synopsis and occasional summaries

Page numbers refer to the Cornelsen edtion 1989

Part One: THE HEARTH AND THE SALAMANDER

5 Famous first sentence: "It was a pleasure to burn ..."

6 Guy Montag, the main character, on his way home, meets a girl, his new neighbour, she`s 17 and a bit strange. She has such funny ideas about life. We learn about Montag, his strange profession and the world he lives in.

12 M. enters his house, still puzzled by the girl, and finds his wife unconscious: she took an overdose of sleeping pills and M. has to call two men to reanimate her by applying machines - they do it in a business-like manner, they are used to these >suicides<.

19 Mildred doesn`t remember at all what had happened to her: she is addicted to her three-wall-TV (`the parlor`), from which people (`relatives`) talk to her and give her instructions etc.

22 another meeting with the mad girl Clarissa McLellan: she is a complete outsider in this society, regularly visiting a psychologist. Montag is puzzled: Who is this `uncle` of hers? How do they live? How do they spend their evenings?

25 Back at work M. is worried by the behaviour of the >mechanical hound<, a dog-like machine which can be programmed on the >amino acids< of every living being. The machine is acting hostile and M. wonders if anyone had done anything to its programme.

29 He meets the girl again and the irritation continues

32 The girl doesn't show up again and M. is worried. He misses her and his "routine has been disturbed"(33)


     THE SETTING:                                                        
     ------------                                                        
   WHEN? In the 23rd century                                             
   WHERE? In a future society                                            
   WHO? Montag - a fireman (30) whose job it is to burn books            
      Beatty - the captain of the fire brigade and Montag's boss                          
      Clarissa Mclellan - an excentric young girl (romantic & unsocial)
      Mildred - Montag`s wife: addicted to three-dimensional TV          
                having just tried to commit suicide                      
      The Mechanical Hound - a dog-shaped killing machine able to trace  
                             its victims by sensing their biogenetic code    
   ATMOSPHERE? 
                                                         

36 Alarm at the firehouse and the brigade is in action: In some of these old houses books are suspected and they are off to burn them: But something`s different today - the owner of the house, an old lady is still there, she has not been transported by the police in order to be out of the way when the firemen come. Her presence confuses the firemen: She is not willing to leave the place and eventually sets fire to the house, the books and herself. The firemen are irritated, most of all M.

41 He comes home - a book hidden under his overall. He contemplates his relationship towards his wife, their unability to communicate, Mildred`s empty life etc. He`s married to a stranger.

48 Chills and fever in the morning, he doesn`t go to work. His wife doesn`t understand the horror of yesterday`s experience, the burning woman, the fascination of books

52 Captain Beatty is visiting him: He has an understanding for the crisis his man is in and he gives him a `lecture` on the history and the importance of the firemen. It is also a history of mankind`s intellectual decay - people want to gain their peace of mind and don`t want to be troubled and bothered with the manifold and conflicting opinions of all those who believe they know better. All these minorities, all these quarrels, all these uncertainties - they cause unrest and hostilities, but people want to be entertained and not worried. Thus, burn the books! But Montag has a book hidden under his pillow and while Beatty is talking, his wife finds it - stunned with surprise and horror. When Beatty is gone, Montag reveals his secret: He has gathered about 20 books and is now going to read them to found out about that. The first sentence that reads is from Swift`s Guliver.

'''SHORT CULTURAL HISTORY OF MANKIND - according to Captain Beatty

19th century: culture (=books) for only few people who could
               afford to be different
               "the world was roomy", everything was "slow motion"

20th century: "Things (= TV, radio, movies) began to have mass"
               "The world got full of eyes and elbows and mouths"
               "Speed up the cameras"

21th century:
      etc      1. books cut shorter, classics reduced to the
                  punch line
               2. school is shortened (no philosophy, no histories
                  no languages)
               3. skills (=pressing a button) instead of knowledge
                  Knowhow instead of know why
               4. entertainment instead of information (sports etc)
               5. uniformity instead of diversity (people dislike
                  everything unfamiliar or intellectual)
               6. Keep the minorities down


                  Therefore: BURN THE BOOKS!  HAIL TO THE FIREMAN -
                         "the custodian of our peace of mind"(p58)

Part Two: THE SIEVE AND THE SAND

68 Montag starts reading like in a fever, but outside the house he senses the sniff of an electric dog. Here are the books, but where to find a teacher? Montag remembers an old man he met a year ago, a former English professor who was memorizing poetry, his name was FABER.

78 This is Faber`s message: Books aren`t the most important things in life but they contain three things which can enhance life:

1. Quality: Books show the pores in the face of life, not the poreless wax faces.
2. Leisure: you can shut a book and contemplate its contents, you can criticize and object to it.
3. Action: the right to act according to what you have gained.

Montag has an `insidious` plan: plant books in the firehouses and have them burnt one by one. But to Faber that would just be `nibbling the edges`. He recommends patience, the system will destroy itself, it will be a victim of his wars. Faber has deviced a little instrument which to put into one`s ear: Thus you can monitor and communicate at the same time, with Faber being the head quarter (The Queen Bee and the drones). This will help M. when he has to face the Captain.

89 The war is getting ready that night - propaganda everywhere - while M. is on his way home. Faber is reading the Book of Job (Bible).

91 Eating supper at home M. switches the parlor off and initiates a conversation with Mildred's friends: About the war ("always someone else`s husband dies"), about having or not having any children, about the last election - it infuriates M. so much that he frightens them out of their wits by showing a book of poetry. But that was a stupid thing to do (Faber!), so he has to turn it into a joke (once a year a fireman is allowed to ...) and starts reciting >Dover Beach< (by William Wordsworth) which moves one of the ladies to tears. Nevertheless - he has made a fool of himself.

100 On his way to the Captain M. and F. talk things over.

102 He hands the book over to Beatty and is welcomed back ("the sheep returns to the fold")- but B. is trying to provoke and confuse M. while Faber is working hard to keep Montag from reacting - eventually the alarm bell rings, they drive off until they stop in front of Montag`s house.


Part Three: BURNING BRIGHT

108 Montag sees his wife leaving the house in haste carrying her belongings in suitcase. She doesn`t respond to him. Beatty`s dark sarcasm is spilling over and M. hears Faber`s voice in his ear. M. is given the flame-thrower to do the job himself, and he destroys his house - the parlor - with some satisfaction.

112 But then he loses his earphone and Beatty opicks it up. Montag seems lost now, but he`s acting quickly: With the flame-thrower he burns the captain to char-coal and the Mechanical Hound, too. But his leg is stung by the dog. He stumbles along the alley.

116 He limps back to the burned ruins to rescue a few books and on again with this aching leg. He suddenly realizes that Beatty must have wanted to die. In his pocket he finds the seashell-radio and hears the police warnings. He is heading towards Faber`s house, two dozens of helicopters swarming like butterflies in the air.

119 "War has been declared..."

123 He plants his books in the house of his colleague-fireman Black and informs the fire brigade

124 He arrives at Faber`s house: Faber advises him to look for one of the still existing hobo camps beyond the rusting railway tracks. On TV they watch the hunt which is broadcast in full length. A new Mechanical Hound is sent on M.s trails. Wouldn`t he make a good TV appearance?

130 They say good-bye and he`s on the run again. It`s a race against the Hound, the TV and the million of watchers who are told now to watch out for him. But he reaches the river, changes his clothes for Faber`s and starts swimming. He floats upon the river into another world, meditating the new experience. He steps into the vast darkness, sensing a pair of eyes which disappear again - the Hound?

139 He walks on until he sees the fire ahead with five old men sitting by and talking - they welcome him and know his name. They watch the chase on a portable TV, it is still on, and they see an innocent person caught and killed - the show is perfect, suspense, long shot, the camera falling on the victim, shouting, snap-ending, blackout - silence. The old men are "old Harvard degrees" who all represent the book they know by heart - the classics of world literature. They too are living without books, they are the books. They are parts of a loose organisation - a quiet conspiracy - waiting for the end of the war and for the times their knowledge will be needed again.

151 Next morning the war starts and is over in a few seconds. The city is destroyed by bombers. They lie on the ground, covered with dust and earth - and after a while they recover and start their daily routine of making fire and getting food ready. The symbol of the Phoenix is conjured up - and as they walk towards the destroyed city, Montag remembers the Book of Revelation.

For further reading

"a controversial, award-winning documentary film by American filmmaker Michael Moore that presents a critical look at the presidency of George W. Bush, the "War on Terrorism", and its coverage in the American news media. The film holds the record for highest box office receipts by a general release documentary." (quoted from en.wikipedia.org)
It was reported that Bradbury was extremely upset with filmmaker Michael Moore for using this title.

See also