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Ireland is a country with rich traditions. The Irish used these to celebrate their history and culture and to come together.
__NOTOC__
== Saint Patrick's Day ==
== Saint Patrick's Day ==
{{Aufgabe-en|#Read the text. Then works on the Reading comprehension tasks.
# Do the vocabulary exercises.}}
'''St. Patrick’s Day''' is celebrated on March 17, the anniversary of his death in the fifth century. St. Patrick’s Day 2023 will take place on Friday, March 17. This day has been a religious holiday for over 1,000 years. On St. Patrick’s Day, which falls during the Christian season of Lent, Irish families would traditionally attend church in the morning and celebrate in the afternoon. Lenten prohibitions against the consumption of meat were waived and people would dance, drink and feast–on the traditional meal of Irish bacon and cabbage.
'''St. Patrick’s Day''' is celebrated on March 17, the anniversary of his death in the fifth century. St. Patrick’s Day 2023 will take place on Friday, March 17. This day has been a religious holiday for over 1,000 years. On St. Patrick’s Day, which falls during the Christian season of Lent, Irish families would traditionally attend church in the morning and celebrate in the afternoon. Lenten prohibitions against the consumption of meat were waived and people would dance, drink and feast–on the traditional meal of Irish bacon and cabbage.


=== Who Was St. Patrick? ===
'''Who Was St. Patrick?'''
[[File:Tux_Paint_shamrock.svg|100px|right]]
Saint Patrick, who lived during the fifth century, is the patron saint of Ireland and its national apostle. Born in Roman Britain, he was kidnapped and brought to Ireland as a slave at 16. He later escaped, but returned to Ireland and was credited with bringing Christianity to its people.
Saint Patrick, who lived during the fifth century, is the patron saint of Ireland and its national apostle. Born in Roman Britain, he was kidnapped and brought to Ireland as a slave at 16. He later escaped, but returned to Ireland and was credited with bringing Christianity to its people.


In the centuries following Patrick’s death (believed to have been on March 17, 461), the mythology surrounding his life became ever more rooted in the Irish culture: Perhaps the most well-known legend of St. Patrick is that he explained the Holy Trinity (Father, Son and Holy Spirit) using the three leaves of a native Irish clover, the shamrock.
In the centuries following Patrick’s death (believed to have been on March 17, 461), the mythology surrounding his life became ever more rooted in the Irish culture: Perhaps the most well-known legend of St. Patrick is that he explained the Holy Trinity (Father, Son and Holy Spirit) using the three leaves of a native Irish clover, the shamrock.


== When Was the First St. Patrick’s Day Celebrated? ==
'''When Was the First St. Patrick’s Day Celebrated?'''
Since around the ninth or 10th century, people in Ireland have been observing the Roman Catholic feast day of St. Patrick on March 17. The first St. Patrick’s Day parade took place not in Ireland but in America. Records show that a St. Patrick’s Day parade was held on March 17, 1601 in a Spanish colony in what is now St. Augustine, Florida. The parade, and a St. Patrick’s Day celebration a year earlier were organized by the Spanish Colony's Irish vicar Ricardo Artur.  
Since around the ninth or 10th century, people in Ireland have been observing the Roman Catholic feast day of St. Patrick on March 17. The first St. Patrick’s Day parade took place not in Ireland but in America. Records show that a St. Patrick’s Day parade was held on March 17, 1601 in a Spanish colony in what is now St. Augustine, Florida.  


More than a century later, homesick Irish soldiers serving in the English military marched in New York City on March 17, 1772 to honor the Irish patron saint. Enthusiasm for the St. Patrick's Day parades in New York City, Boston and other early American cities only grew from there.
Over the next years, Irish patriotism among American immigrants flourished, prompting the rise of so-called “Irish Aid” societies like the Friendly Sons of Saint Patrick. Each group would hold annual parades featuring bagpipes (which actually first became popular in the Scottish and British armies) and drums. In 1848, several New York Irish Aid societies decided to unite their parades to form one official New York City St. Patrick’s Day Parade. Today, that parade is the world‘s oldest civilian parade and the largest in the United States, with over 150,000 participants. Each year, nearly 3 million people line the 1.5-mile parade route to watch the procession, which takes more than five hours.


'''The Chicago River Dyed Green'''
[[File:St. Patricks Day, Chicago (6847945702).jpg|300px|right]]
As Irish immigrants spread out over the United States, other cities developed their own traditions. One of these is Chicago’s annual dyeing of the Chicago River green. The practice started in 1962, when city pollution-control workers used dyes to trace illegal sewage discharges and realized that the green dye might provide a unique way to celebrate the holiday. That year, they released 100 pounds of green vegetable dye into the river–enough to keep it green for a week. Today, in order to minimize environmental damage, only 40 pounds of dye are used, and the river turns green for only several hours.<ref>[https://www.history.com/topics/st-patricks-day/history-of-st-patricks-day History of St. Patrick’s Day] (history.com), shortened and simplified</ref>
{{#ev:youtube|LmNc-NTfmPc}}
=== Reading Comprehension ===
Getting the facts right. (Tick if they are correct, wrong or not in the text þ)
<div class="multiplechoice-quiz" lang="en">
Saint Patrick’s Day is a special day in Ireland only. (!true) (false) (!not in the text) 
Saint Patrick lived around the year 500.  (!true) (false) (!not in the text)                                                                                                                       
The world’s largest Saint Patrick’s Day parade was in Dublin in 1995.   (!true) (!false) (not in the text)                                                                                           
The Irish Tourist Board were very glad because the parade brought more tourists to New York.  (!true) (false) (!not in the text)   
The Irish Americans are proud of their traditions.  (true) (!false) (!not in the text)
</div>


== Growth of St. Patrick's Day Celebrations ==
Over the next 35 years, Irish patriotism among American immigrants flourished, prompting the rise of so-called “Irish Aid” societies like the Friendly Sons of Saint Patrick and the Hibernian Society. Each group would hold annual parades featuring bagpipes (which actually first became popular in the Scottish and British armies) and drums.


In 1848, several New York Irish Aid societies decided to unite their parades to form one official New York City St. Patrick’s Day Parade. Today, that parade is the world‘s oldest civilian parade and the largest in the United States, with over 150,000 participants. Each year, nearly 3 million people line the 1.5-mile parade route to watch the procession, which takes more than five hours.
=== Use of English ===
'''What can you do on St. Patrick's day ? Match the words with their corresponding definitions.'''


== The Irish in America ==
<div class="lueckentext-quiz" lang="en">
Up until the mid-19th century, most Irish immigrants in America were members of the Protestant middle class. When the Great Potato Famine hit Ireland in 1845, close to 1 million poor and uneducated Irish Catholics began pouring into America to escape starvation.  
<table>
  <tr>
    <td><em>parade</em></td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td><span class="fett">1 </span>A public procession or march, especially one commemorating a holiday or special event </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td><em>fireworks</em></td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td><span class="fett">2 </span>An event or a display where rockets and lights are set off.  </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td><em>costume</em></td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td><span class="fett">3 </span> a speacial dress</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td><em>shamrock</em></td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td><span class="fett">4 </span> three-leaved plant; often pinned on your clothes or used as a logo</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td><em>leprechaun</em></td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td><span class="fett">5 </span> magical creatures, said to bring luck</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
    <td><em> pub</em></td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td><span class="fett">6 </span>bar or restaurant, often with live music</td>
  </tr> 
  <tr>
  <td><em>anniversary</em></td><td>&nbsp;</td>
  <td><span class="fett">7 </span>A day that is an exact number of years (to the day) since a given significant event happened.</td></tr>
</table>
</div>


== Recommended for you ==


Despised for their alien religious beliefs and unfamiliar accents by the American Protestant majority, the immigrants had trouble finding even menial jobs. When Irish Americans in the country’s cities took to the streets on St. Patrick’s Day to celebrate their heritage, newspapers portrayed them in cartoons as drunk, violent monkeys.
'''Complete the dialogues. Use the [[simple past]] or the [[present perfect]]. Watch the signal words!'''


The American Irish soon began to realize, however, that their large and growing numbers endowed them with a political power that had yet to be exploited. They started to organize, and their voting bloc, known as the “green machine,” became an important swing vote for political hopefuls. Suddenly, annual St. Patrick’s Day parades became a show of strength for Irish Americans, as well as a must-attend event for a slew of political candidates.
<div class="lueckentext-quiz" lang="en">
Sue  I really like your dress, Jenny.


In 1948, President Harry S. Truman attended New York City‘s St. Patrick’s Day parade, a proud moment for the many Irish Americans whose ancestors had to fight stereotypes and racial prejudice to find acceptance in the New World.
Jen  Oh, thank you. I ''bought(buy)'' it <span style="color:#390">yesterday</span> at the new shop that ''has just opened|'s just opened(open / <span style="color:red">just</span>)''.


=== The Chicago River Dyed Green ===
[[File:St. Patricks Day, Chicago (6847945702).jpg|300px|right]]
As Irish immigrants spread out over the United States, other cities developed their own traditions. One of these is Chicago’s annual dyeing of the Chicago River green. The practice started in 1962, when city pollution-control workers used dyes to trace illegal sewage discharges and realized that the green dye might provide a unique way to celebrate the holiday. That year, they released 100 pounds of green vegetable dye into the river–enough to keep it green for a week. Today, in order to minimize environmental damage, only 40 pounds of dye are used, and the river turns green for only several hours.


Although Chicago historians claim their city’s idea for a river of green was original, some natives of Savannah, Georgia (whose St. Patrick’s Day parade, the oldest in the nation, dates back to 1813) believe the idea originated in their town. They point out that, in 1961, a hotel restaurant manager named Tom Woolley convinced city officials to dye Savannah’s river green. The experiment didn’t exactly work as planned, and the water only took on a slight greenish hue. Savannah never attempted to dye its river again, but Woolley maintains (though others refute the claim) that he personally suggested the idea to Chicago’s Mayor Richard J. Daley.<ref>[https://www.history.com/topics/st-patricks-day/history-of-st-patricks-day History of St. Patrick’s Day] (history.com), shortened and simplified</ref>
Bob  I’d like to go to the parade. ''Have you ever been (you <span style="color:red">just</span> be)'' to one?


Ted  Yes, of course. Unfortunately there ''wasn't (not, be) one <span style="color:#390">last year</span> because of COVID.
    But I ''went (go)'' to one <span style="color:#390">three years ago</span>.


{{#ev:youtube|LmNc-NTfmPc}}
Bob  When are you going to phone Bill to invite him for the party, Ted?
Ted  Oh, I ''have already phoned|'ve already phoned (<span style="color:red">already</span> / phone)'' her. I ''did (do)'' it <span style="color:#390">before</span> before tea.
    And I ''have just done|'ve just done (<span style="color:red">just</span>/ do)'' all my homework.
</div>


== Interactive Excercises ==
== Irish Symbols ==
=== Irish Symbols ===
<div class="memo-quiz" lang="en" style="max-width:50em;">
<div class="memo-quiz" lang="en" style="max-width:50em;">
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[[Kategorie:Englisch]]
[[Kategorie:Englisch]]
[[Kategorie:Landeskunde]]

Version vom 18. Januar 2023, 04:11 Uhr

Ireland is a country with rich traditions. The Irish used these to celebrate their history and culture and to come together.

Saint Patrick's Day

Task
  1. Read the text. Then works on the Reading comprehension tasks.
  2. Do the vocabulary exercises.


St. Patrick’s Day is celebrated on March 17, the anniversary of his death in the fifth century. St. Patrick’s Day 2023 will take place on Friday, March 17. This day has been a religious holiday for over 1,000 years. On St. Patrick’s Day, which falls during the Christian season of Lent, Irish families would traditionally attend church in the morning and celebrate in the afternoon. Lenten prohibitions against the consumption of meat were waived and people would dance, drink and feast–on the traditional meal of Irish bacon and cabbage.

Who Was St. Patrick?

Tux Paint shamrock.svg

Saint Patrick, who lived during the fifth century, is the patron saint of Ireland and its national apostle. Born in Roman Britain, he was kidnapped and brought to Ireland as a slave at 16. He later escaped, but returned to Ireland and was credited with bringing Christianity to its people.

In the centuries following Patrick’s death (believed to have been on March 17, 461), the mythology surrounding his life became ever more rooted in the Irish culture: Perhaps the most well-known legend of St. Patrick is that he explained the Holy Trinity (Father, Son and Holy Spirit) using the three leaves of a native Irish clover, the shamrock.

When Was the First St. Patrick’s Day Celebrated? Since around the ninth or 10th century, people in Ireland have been observing the Roman Catholic feast day of St. Patrick on March 17. The first St. Patrick’s Day parade took place not in Ireland but in America. Records show that a St. Patrick’s Day parade was held on March 17, 1601 in a Spanish colony in what is now St. Augustine, Florida.

Over the next years, Irish patriotism among American immigrants flourished, prompting the rise of so-called “Irish Aid” societies like the Friendly Sons of Saint Patrick. Each group would hold annual parades featuring bagpipes (which actually first became popular in the Scottish and British armies) and drums. In 1848, several New York Irish Aid societies decided to unite their parades to form one official New York City St. Patrick’s Day Parade. Today, that parade is the world‘s oldest civilian parade and the largest in the United States, with over 150,000 participants. Each year, nearly 3 million people line the 1.5-mile parade route to watch the procession, which takes more than five hours.

The Chicago River Dyed Green

St. Patricks Day, Chicago (6847945702).jpg

As Irish immigrants spread out over the United States, other cities developed their own traditions. One of these is Chicago’s annual dyeing of the Chicago River green. The practice started in 1962, when city pollution-control workers used dyes to trace illegal sewage discharges and realized that the green dye might provide a unique way to celebrate the holiday. That year, they released 100 pounds of green vegetable dye into the river–enough to keep it green for a week. Today, in order to minimize environmental damage, only 40 pounds of dye are used, and the river turns green for only several hours.[1]

Video laden
YouTube

Reading Comprehension

Getting the facts right. (Tick if they are correct, wrong or not in the text þ)

Saint Patrick’s Day is a special day in Ireland only. (!true) (false) (!not in the text)

Saint Patrick lived around the year 500. (!true) (false) (!not in the text)                                                                                                                      

The world’s largest Saint Patrick’s Day parade was in Dublin in 1995.   (!true) (!false) (not in the text)                                                                                        

The Irish Tourist Board were very glad because the parade brought more tourists to New York. (!true) (false) (!not in the text)  

The Irish Americans are proud of their traditions. (true) (!false) (!not in the text)


Use of English

What can you do on St. Patrick's day ? Match the words with their corresponding definitions.

parade  1 A public procession or march, especially one commemorating a holiday or special event
fireworks  2 An event or a display where rockets and lights are set off.
costume  3 a speacial dress
shamrock  4 three-leaved plant; often pinned on your clothes or used as a logo
leprechaun  5 magical creatures, said to bring luck
pub  6 bar or restaurant, often with live music
anniversary  7 A day that is an exact number of years (to the day) since a given significant event happened.


Complete the dialogues. Use the simple past or the present perfect. Watch the signal words!

Sue  I really like your dress, Jenny.

Jen  Oh, thank you. I bought(buy) it yesterday at the new shop that has just opened|'s just opened(open / just).


Bob  I’d like to go to the parade. Have you ever been (you just be) to one?

Ted  Yes, of course. Unfortunately there wasn't (not, be) one last year because of COVID. 

    But I went (go) to one three years ago.

Bob When are you going to phone Bill to invite him for the party, Ted?

Ted  Oh, I have already phoned|'ve already phoned (already / phone) her. I did (do) it before before tea. 

    And I have just done|'ve just done (just/ do) all my homework.

Irish Symbols

Tux Paint shamrock.svg shamrock
Coat of arms of Ireland.svg harp
Triskele-Symbol1.svg Celtic spiral
Celtic-knot-insquare.svg Celtic knot
Rainbow-diagram-ROYGBIV.svg rainbow
Ccross.svg Celtic cross


Coat of Arms Irelands

WebQuest Ireland

  1. Fact File
  2. Geography
  3. History
  4. Traditions (typical customs and holidays)
  5. Irish Humour
  6. Limericks
  7. Planning a holiday


  1. ↑ History of St. Patrick’s Day (history.com), shortened and simplified
Abgerufen von „https://unterrichten.zum.de/index.php?title=Ireland/Traditions&oldid=133126“